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冬至 Dongzhi
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冬至是農曆的二十四節氣之一。這一天北半球黑夜最長,白晝最短。俗稱「冬節」、「長至節」、「亞歲」等。

在中國傳統的陰陽五行理論中,冬至是陰消陽長轉化的關鍵節氣。在十二辟卦為地雷復卦,稱爲冬至一陽生。易復卦象曰:「雷在地中,復。先王以至日閉關,商旅不行,後不省方。」

12月21日至12月22日交節,太陽位於黃經270度,直射南回歸線。 《後漢書》「禮儀志」中記載:「冬至前後,加子安身靜體,百官絕事,不聽政,擇吉辰而後省事。」由此可知從漢代起冬至是國定假日。

目前澳門是華人社會唯一以冬至作公眾假期的地區。


(各地習俗)
在中國北方有冬至日吃餃子的習俗,南方某些地方有冬至日吃湯圓的習俗,傳說在漢朝的醫聖張仲景體念家鄉鄉民在寒冬中工作的辛苦,在冬至那天利用羊肉等祛寒的藥材包在麵皮中,作成耳朵的樣子,給鄉民們治病補身,這個藥方的名字叫作「祛寒嬌耳湯」,嬌耳就是餃兒。中國南方則有吃湯圓的習俗。 中國江浙在冬至吃湯圓外,還要吃桂花酒釀,並祭祖,蘇州還有桂花冬釀酒,只在此時節上市。大湯圓有餡的「粉團」是用於晚上祭祖,而無餡較小的粉圓用於早上拜神。

祭祖之後還有將湯圓粘在門窗上,稱為「冬節圓」,等乾燥以後再給孩子們吃,有保佑健康成長之用。冬至掃墓叫「過冬紙」。

《台灣府志》(一六九六)卷七記載:「冬至,人家作米丸祀眾神及祖先,舉家團圞而食之,謂之『添歲』;即古所謂『亞歲』也。門扉器物各粘一丸其上,謂之『餉耗』。是日,長幼祀祖、賀節,略如元旦」。在台灣冬至的湯圓有紅白兩色,另有較大的湯圓,內包有芝蔴、花生、或鮮肉等內餡。

在中國,人們從冬至開始數九,以九天為一九,九九八十一天,寒冬就會過去,稱為九九數盡。

Source from:http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3&variant=zh-tw


Dongzhi
The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 solar terms (節氣). Dōngzhì (pīnyīn) or Tōji (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 冬至; Korean: 동지; Vietnamese: Đông chí; literally: "winter solstice") is the 22nd solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 270° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 285°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 270°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around December 21 (December 22 East Asia time) and ends around January 5.

In China, Dongzhi was originally celebrated as an end-of-harvest festival. Today, it is observed with a family reunion over the long night, when pink and white tangyuan are eaten in sweet broth to symbolise family unity and prosperity.

source from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongzhi

Posted on: 2007/12/22 20:25
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